Success for All for Grades K-2

Updated: Jan 12, 2018
Evidence Rating:
Suggestive Tier

Highlights

  • Program:

    A school-wide reform program, primarily for high-poverty elementary schools, with a strong focus on reading instruction.

  • Evaluation Methods:

    Two large, well-conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a combined sample of 78 high-poverty elementary schools.

  • Key Findings:

    The first RCT found that the program increased second-grade reading achievement in Success for All schools by 25-30% of a grade-level, three years after random assignment. The second RCT, however, did not find significant positive effects on most measures of reading achievement, including comprehension (the most important, final measure).

  • Other:

    This evidence of effectiveness applies to the program as implemented in grades K-2 (as opposed to later elementary school). The reasons for the discrepant findings between the two RCTs are unclear. We believe that an additional, well-conducted RCT showing positive effects on reading comprehension is needed to have confidence that the program meaningfully boosts student reading ability when implemented in typical high-poverty school settings.

Success for All is a comprehensive school-wide reform program, primarily for high-poverty elementary schools, with a strong emphasis on early detection and prevention of reading problems before they become serious. Key program elements include: (i) daily 90-minute reading classes, each of which is formed by grouping together students of various ages who read at the same performance level; (ii) a K-1 reading curriculum that focuses on language development (e.g., reading stories to students and having them re-tell), teaching students the distinct sounds that make up words (i.e. phonemic awareness), blending sounds to form words, and developing reading fluency; (iii) daily one-on-one tutoring (in addition to the classes) for students needing extra help with reading; and (iv) cooperative learning activities (in which students work together in teams or pairs) starting in the grade 2 reading classes.

The program’s cost, as measured in the first RCT, was approximately $600 per student, over the full three-year period (in 2017 dollars). In the second RCT, the cost of the program over the full three-year period was approximately $900 per student (in 2017 dollars). These cost estimates includes materials and training to implement the program in grades K-5. Schools may incur additional costs of reallocating staff from other functions (e.g., to provide a higher ratio of tutors).

Click here for Success for All’s website.

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References

Borman, Geoffrey D., Robert E. Slavin, Alan Cheung, Anne Chamberlain, Nancy Madden, and Bette Chambers, “Success for All: First-Year Results from the National Randomized Field Trial,” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2005, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 1-22. Click here for a link to this study.

Borman, Geoffrey D., Robert E. Slavin, Alan Cheung, Anne Chamberlain, Nancy Madden, and Bette Chambers, “The National Randomized Field Trial of Success for All: Second-Year Outcomes,” American Educational Research Journal, Winter 2005, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 673-696.

Borman, Geoffrey D., Robert E. Slavin, Alan Cheung, Anne Chamberlain, Nancy Madden, and Bette Chambers, “Final Reading Outcomes of the National Randomized Field Trial of Success for All,” American Educational Research Journal, September 2007, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 701-731.

Bloom, Howard S., Carolyn Hill, Alison Rebeck Black, and Mark Lipsey, Performance Trajectories and Performance Gaps as Achievement Effect-Size Benchmarks for Educational Interventions, MDRC Working Paper on Research Methodology, October 2008.

Miller, Sarah, Andy Biggart, Seaneen Sloan, and Liam O’Hare, Success for All – Evaluation Report and Executive Summary, Education Endowment Foundation, 2017.

Quint, Janet, Pei Zhu, Rekha Balu, Shelley Rappaport, and Micah DeLaurentis, Scaling Up the Success for All Model of School Reform: Final Report from the Investing in Innovation (i3) Evaluation, MDRC, 2015.

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